"Oscuri presagi e penosa attesa" : le barricate di Parma e la città borghese

The essay aims to deepen the theme of the political and social division of the city of Parma, showing how the traditional juxtaposition between the middle-class neighbourhoods and the popular district known as "Oltretorrente" is not enough to fully describe the variety of opinions that arose in relation to Squadrismo during the chaotic summer of 1922. On that occasion all the internal fractures of local fascism emerged as well as the uncertainty and hesitation of the upper classes regarding the advancement of Mussolini 's movement. [Publisher's Text].